Het chemisch element koper (Cu), met een atoommassa van 63,546(3) u, bezit 2 stabiele isotopen: 63Cu en 65Cu, waarvan de eerste het meest abundant is (ongeveer 69%). De overige 27 radio-isotopen zijn onstabiel en hebben een relatief korte halveringstijd (de meeste minder dan een seconde).
De kortstlevende isotoop van koper is 54Cu, met een halfwaardetijd van ongeveer 75 nanoseconden. De langstlevende is 67Cu, met een halfwaardetijd van 61,83 uur.
Overzicht
| Nuclide | Z (p) | N (n) | Isotopische massa (u) | Halveringstijd | Radioactief verval | VP | Kernspin | Isotopische verhouding (molfractie) |
Natuurlijk voorkomen (molfractie) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Excitatie-energie | |||||||||
| 52Cu | 29 | 23 | 51,99718(28) | p | 51Ni | (3+) | |||
| 53Cu | 29 | 24 | 52,98555(28) | < 300 ns | p | 52Ni | (3/2−) | ||
| 54Cu | 29 | 25 | 53,97671(23) | < 75 ns | p | 53Ni | (3+) | ||
| 55Cu | 29 | 26 | 54,96605(32) | 40 ms | β+ | 55Ni | 3/2− | ||
| p | 54Ni | ||||||||
| 56Cu | 29 | 27 | 55,95856(15) | 93(3) ms | β+ | 56Ni | (4+) | ||
| 57Cu | 29 | 28 | 56,949211(17) | 196,3(7) ms | β+ | 57Ni | 3/2− | ||
| 58Cu | 29 | 29 | 57,9445385(17) | 3,204(7) s | β+ | 58Ni | 1+ | ||
| 59Cu | 29 | 30 | 58,9394980(8) | 81,5(5) s | β+ | 59Ni | 3/2− | ||
| 60Cu | 29 | 31 | 59,9373650(18) | 23,7(4) min | β+ | 60Ni | 2+ | ||
| 61Cu | 29 | 32 | 60,9334578(11) | 3,333(5) uur | β+ | 61Ni | 3/2− | ||
| 62Cu | 29 | 33 | 61,932584(4) | 9,673(8) min | β+ | 62Ni | 1+ | ||
| 63Cu | 29 | 34 | 62,9295975(6) | stabiel | 3/2− | 0,6915(15) | 0,68983 - 0,69338 | ||
| 64Cu | 29 | 35 | 63,9297642(6) | 12,700(2) uur | β+ (61%) | 64Ni | 1+ | ||
| β− (39%) | 64Zn | ||||||||
| 65Cu | 29 | 36 | 64,9277895(7) | stabiel | 3/2− | 0,3085(15) | 0,30662 - 0,31017 | ||
| 66Cu | 29 | 37 | 65,9288688(7) | 5,120(14) min | β− | 66Zn | 1+ | ||
| 67Cu | 29 | 38 | 66,9277303(13) | 61,83(12) uur | β− | 67Zn | 3/2− | ||
| 68Cu | 29 | 39 | 67,9296109(17) | 31,1(15) s | β− | 68Zn | 1+ | ||
| 68mCu | 721,6(7) keV | 3,75(5) min | IT (84%) | 68Cu | (6−) | ||||
| β− (16%) | 68Zn | ||||||||
| 69Cu | 29 | 40 | 68,9294293(15) | 2,85(15) min | β− | 69Zn | 3/2− | ||
| 69mCu | 2741,8(10) keV | 360(30) ns | (13/2+) | ||||||
| 70Cu | 29 | 41 | 69,9323923(17) | 44,5(2) s | β− | 70Zn | (6−) | ||
| 70m1Cu | 101,1(3) keV | 33(2) s | β− | 70Zn | (3−) | ||||
| 70m2Cu | 242,6(5) keV | 6,6(2) s | 1+ | ||||||
| 71Cu | 29 | 42 | 70,9326768(16) | 19,4(14) s | β− | 71Zn | (3/2−) | ||
| 71mCu | 2756(10) keV | 271(13) ns | (19/2−) | ||||||
| 72Cu | 29 | 43 | 71,9358203(15) | 6,6(1) s | β− | 72Zn | (1+) | ||
| 72mCu | 270(3) keV | 1,76(3) µs | (4−) | ||||||
| 73Cu | 29 | 44 | 72,936675(4) | 4,2(3) s | β− (> 99,9%) | 73Zn | (3/2−) | ||
| β−, n (< 0,1%) | 72Zn | ||||||||
| 74Cu | 29 | 45 | 73,939875(7) | 1,594(10) s | β− | 74Zn | (1+, 3+) | ||
| 75Cu | 29 | 46 | 74,94190(105) | 1,224(3) s | β− (96,5%) | 75Zn | (3/2−) | ||
| β−, n (3,5%) | 74Zn | ||||||||
| 76Cu | 29 | 47 | 75,945275(7) | 641(6) ms | β− (97%) | 76Zn | (3, 5) | ||
| β−, n (3%) | 75Zn | ||||||||
| 76mCu | 0(200) keV | 1,27(30) s | β− | 76Zn | (1, 3) | ||||
| 77Cu | 29 | 48 | 76,94785(43) | 469(8) ms | β− | 77Zn | 3/2− | ||
| 78Cu | 29 | 49 | 77,95196(43) | 342(11) ms | β− | 78Zn | |||
| 79Cu | 29 | 50 | 78,95456(54) | 188(25) ms | β−, n (55%) | 78Zn | 3/2− | ||
| β− (45%) | 79Zn | ||||||||
| 80Cu | 29 | 51 | 79,96087(64) | 100 ms | β− | 80Zn | |||
Overzicht van isotopen per element
| 1 | 18 | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | H | 2 | Periodiek systeem | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | He | |||||||||
| 2 | Li | Be | De links verwijzen naar isotopen per element | B | C | N | O | F | Ne | |||||||||
| 3 | Na | Mg | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | Al | Si | P | S | Cl | Ar |
| 4 | K | Ca | Sc | Ti | V | Cr | Mn | Fe | Co | Ni | Cu | Zn | Ga | Ge | As | Se | Br | Kr |
| 5 | Rb | Sr | Y | Zr | Nb | Mo | Tc | Ru | Rh | Pd | Ag | Cd | In | Sn | Sb | Te | I | Xe |
| 6 | Cs | Ba | ↓ | Hf | Ta | W | Re | Os | Ir | Pt | Au | Hg | Tl | Pb | Bi | Po | At | Rn |
| 7 | Fr | Ra | ↓↓ | Rf | Db | Sg | Bh | Hs | Mt | Ds | Rg | Cn | Nh | Fl | Mc | Lv | Ts | Og |
| Lanthaniden | La | Ce | Pr | Nd | Pm | Sm | Eu | Gd | Tb | Dy | Ho | Er | Tm | Yb | Lu | |||
| Actiniden | Ac | Th | Pa | U | Np | Pu | Am | Cm | Bk | Cf | Es | Fm | Md | No | Lr | |||
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
- (en) R.B. Firestone, S.Y. Frank Chu & C.M. Baglin (1999) - Table of Isotopes (online versie van de cd-rom)
- (en) G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot & O. Bersillon (2003) - The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties, Nuclear Physics A, 729, pp. 3-128
- (en) J.R. de Laeter, J.K. Böhlke, P. De Bièvre, H. Hidaka, H.S. Peiser, K.J.R. Rosman & P.D.P. Taylor (2003) - Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 75 (6), pp. 683–800
- (en) M.E. Wieser (2006) - Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 78 (11), pp. 2051–2066
- (en) David R. Lide (2004) - CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.), hoofdstuk 11, CRC Press - ISBN 978-0849304859
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