Het chemisch element krypton (Kr), met een atoommassa van 83,798(2) u, bezit 6 stabiele isotopen: 78Kr, 80Kr, 82Kr, 83Kr, 84Kr en 86Kr, waarvan 84Kr het meest abundant is (ongeveer 57%). De overige 25 radio-isotopen zijn onstabiel en hebben een relatief korte halveringstijd (de meeste minder dan een seconde).
De kortstlevende isotoop van krypton is 100Kr, met een halfwaardetijd van ongeveer 10 milliseconden. De langstlevende is 81Kr, met een halfwaardetijd van ongeveer 229.000 jaar. Krypton-81 wordt gebruikt om zeer oud grondwater (50.000 - 800.000 jaar) te dateren.[1]
Overzicht
| Nuclide | Z (p) | N (n) | Isotopische massa (u) | Halveringstijd | Radioactief verval | VP | Kernspin | Isotopische verhouding (molfractie) |
Natuurlijk voorkomen (molfractie) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Excitatie-energie | |||||||||
| 69Kr | 36 | 33 | 68,96518(43) | 32(10) ms | β+ | 69Br | 5/2− | ||
| 70Kr | 36 | 34 | 69,95526(41) | 52(17) ms | β+ | 70Br | 0+ | ||
| 71Kr | 36 | 35 | 70,94963(70) | 100(3) ms | β+ (94,8%) | 71Br | 5/2− | ||
| β+, p (5,2%) | 70Se | ||||||||
| 72Kr | 36 | 36 | 71,942092(9) | 17,16(18) s | β+ | 72Br | 0+ | ||
| 73Kr | 36 | 37 | 72,939289(7) | 28,6(6) s | β+ (99,32%) | 73Br | 3/2− | ||
| β+, p (0,68%) | 72Se | ||||||||
| 73mKr | 433,66(12) keV | 107(10) ns | (9/2+) | ||||||
| 74Kr | 36 | 38 | 73,9330844(22) | 11,50(11) min | β+ | 74Br | 0+ | ||
| 75Kr | 36 | 39 | 74,930946(9) | 4,29(17) min | β+ | 75Br | 5/2+ | ||
| 76Kr | 36 | 40 | 75,925910(4) | 14,8(1) uur | β+ | 76Br | 0+ | ||
| 77Kr | 36 | 41 | 76,9246700(21) | 74,4(6) min | β+ | 77Br | 5/2+ | ||
| 78Kr | 36 | 42 | 77,9203648(12) | stabiel | 0+ | 0,00355(3) | |||
| 79Kr | 36 | 43 | 78,920082(4) | 35,04(10) uur | β+ | 79Br | 1/2− | ||
| 79mKr | 129,77(5) keV | 50(3) s | 7/2+ | ||||||
| 80Kr | 36 | 44 | 79,9163790(16) | stabiel | 0+ | 0,02286(10) | |||
| 81Kr | 36 | 45 | 80,9165920(21) | 229.110 jaar | EV | 81Br | 7/2+ | ||
| 81mKr | 190,62(4) keV | 13,10(3) s | IT (99,975%) | 81Kr | 1/2− | ||||
| EV (0,025%) | 81Br | ||||||||
| 82Kr | 36 | 46 | 81,9134836(19) | stabiel | 0+ | 0,11593(31) | |||
| 83Kr | 36 | 47 | 82,914136(3) | stabiel | 9/2+ | 0,11500(19) | |||
| 83m1Kr | 9,4053(8) keV | 154,4(11) ns | 7/2+ | ||||||
| 83m2Kr | 41,5569(10) keV | 1,83(2) uur | IT | 83Kr | 1/2− | ||||
| 84Kr | 36 | 48 | 83,911507(3) | stabiel | 0+ | 0,56987(15) | |||
| 84mKr | 3236,02(18) keV | 1,89(4) µs | 8+ | ||||||
| 85Kr | 36 | 49 | 84,9125273(21) | 10,776(3) jaar | β− | 85Rb | 9/2+ | ||
| 85m1Kr | 304,871(20) keV | 4,480(8) uur | β− (78,6%) | 85Rb | 1/2− | ||||
| IT (21,4%) | 85Kr | ||||||||
| 85m2Kr | 1991,8(13) keV | 1,6(7) µs | (17/2+) | ||||||
| 86Kr | 36 | 50 | 85,91061073(11) | stabiel | 0+ | 0,17279(41) | |||
| 87Kr | 36 | 51 | 86,91335486(29) | 76,3(5) min | β− | 87Rb | 5/2+ | ||
| 88Kr | 36 | 52 | 87,914447(14) | 2,84(3) uur | β− | 88Rb | 0+ | ||
| 89Kr | 36 | 53 | 88,91763(6) | 3,15(4) min | β− | 89Rb | 3/2+ | ||
| 90Kr | 36 | 54 | 89,919517(20) | 32,32(9) s | β− | 90mRb | 0+ | ||
| 91Kr | 36 | 55 | 90,92345(6) | 8,57(4) s | β− | 91Rb | 5/2+ | ||
| 92Kr | 36 | 56 | 91,926156(13) | 1,840(8) s | β− (99,96%) | 92Rb | 0+ | ||
| β−, n (0,033%) | 91Rb | ||||||||
| 93Kr | 36 | 57 | 92,93127(11) | 1,286(10) s | β− (98,05%) | 93Rb | 1/2+ | ||
| β−, n (1,95%) | 92Rb | ||||||||
| 94Kr | 36 | 58 | 93,93436(32) | 210(4) ms | β− (94,3%) | 94Rb | 0+ | ||
| β−, n (5,7%) | 93Rb | ||||||||
| 95Kr | 36 | 59 | 94,93984(43) | 114(3) ms | β− | 95Rb | 1/2+ | ||
| 96Kr | 36 | 60 | 95,94307(54) | 80(7) ms | β− | 96Rb | 0+ | ||
| 97Kr | 36 | 61 | 96,94856(54) | 63(4) ms | β− | 97Rb | 3/2+ | ||
| β−, n | 96Rb | ||||||||
| 98Kr | 36 | 62 | 97,95191(64) | 46(8) ms | 0+ | ||||
| 99Kr | 36 | 63 | 98,95760(64) | 40(11) ms | (3/2+) | ||||
| 100Kr | 36 | 64 | 99,96114(54) | 10 ms | 0+ | ||||
Overzicht van isotopen per element
| 1 | 18 | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | H | 2 | Periodiek systeem | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | He | |||||||||
| 2 | Li | Be | De links verwijzen naar isotopen per element | B | C | N | O | F | Ne | |||||||||
| 3 | Na | Mg | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | Al | Si | P | S | Cl | Ar |
| 4 | K | Ca | Sc | Ti | V | Cr | Mn | Fe | Co | Ni | Cu | Zn | Ga | Ge | As | Se | Br | Kr |
| 5 | Rb | Sr | Y | Zr | Nb | Mo | Tc | Ru | Rh | Pd | Ag | Cd | In | Sn | Sb | Te | I | Xe |
| 6 | Cs | Ba | ↓ | Hf | Ta | W | Re | Os | Ir | Pt | Au | Hg | Tl | Pb | Bi | Po | At | Rn |
| 7 | Fr | Ra | ↓↓ | Rf | Db | Sg | Bh | Hs | Mt | Ds | Rg | Cn | Nh | Fl | Mc | Lv | Ts | Og |
| Lanthaniden | La | Ce | Pr | Nd | Pm | Sm | Eu | Gd | Tb | Dy | Ho | Er | Tm | Yb | Lu | |||
| Actiniden | Ac | Th | Pa | U | Np | Pu | Am | Cm | Bk | Cf | Es | Fm | Md | No | Lr | |||
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
- (en) R.B. Firestone, S.Y. Frank Chu & C.M. Baglin (1999) - Table of Isotopes (online versie van de cd-rom)
- (en) G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot & O. Bersillon (2003) - The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties, Nuclear Physics A, 729, pp. 3-128
- (en) J.R. de Laeter, J.K. Böhlke, P. De Bièvre, H. Hidaka, H.S. Peiser, K.J.R. Rosman & P.D.P. Taylor (2003) - Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 75 (6), pp. 683–800
- (en) M.E. Wieser (2006) - Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 78 (11), pp. 2051–2066
- (en) David R. Lide (2004) - CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.), hoofdstuk 11, CRC Press - ISBN 978-0849304859
- ↑ (en) N. Thonnard, L.D. MeKay & T.C. Labotka (2001) - Development of Laser-Based Resonance Ionization Techniques for 81-Kr and 85-Kr Measurements in the Geosciences, University of Tennessee, Institute for Rare Isotope Measurements, pp. 4–7
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